The main purpose of the knee joint is to ensure normal motor activity of the lower limb and achieve a stable position of the torso. In this case, this part of the body is assigned the most important role - participation in the processes of flexion and extension of the limb.
Despite the complex structure and sufficient strength of this joint, it can be subject to injuries, thermal influences, physical overload, various complications due to chronic infectious processes and, as a result, severe inflammatory processes with increased likelihood of limitation of movements and accumulation of exudate . To prevent such undesirable manifestations, it is recommended to timely contact a qualified specialist for a thorough diagnosis and draw up a competent treatment plan.
The knee is the most complex and largest joint in the human body.
Every day the knee joint is subjected to a considerable load. It is responsible for the process of flexion and extension of the lower limb, supports the weight of a person and ensures his stable position. It is the knee that allows us to walk, jump, run, squat and turn.
The ability to perform these actions is guaranteed by the following components:
- tendons;
- Bone;
- Cartilage;
- Ligaments and muscles.
This explains why knee joint pain can occur in people of any age group. We can talk about effective treatment and complete recovery only after finding out the cause of the disease.
Reasons why your knees hurt
So, the knee joint plays an important role in the human body: it is responsible for the motor activity of the leg, holds the body in a stable position and supports the weight of a person. Furthermore, the knee has a complex structure, represented by several interconnected elements.
If a person has knee pain and is trying to find a solution what to do, first of all it is necessary to find out the factors causing the discomfort. As a rule, the causes of the disease are the same for all situations.
The risk factors are identical in almost all cases: Musculofascial dysfunction. This leads to significant tension, which causes compression and destruction of the cartilage. As a result, a person begins to experience unpleasant sensations, signaling damage to the knee joint, and begins to look for a way to eliminate the pathological process.
Injury
If you don't know what to do when your knees hurt, pay attention: the reasons may be hidden in an injury to the joint. This is the part of the body that is injured more often than others. As a result, joint dysfunction occurs, accompanied by pain.
Such discomfort may be due to ligament damage. Representatives of professional sports activities are often subject to injuries. Furthermore, pain and ligament problems can occur in people who do not follow the running technique. Often, knee damage occurs as a result of being hit by a ball during a football match.
It should be noted that such injuries occur quite often. Furthermore, discomfort can occur not only during a flare-up, but also afterward.
In the event of a fracture, multiple bones can be destroyed at once. More often than others this occurs in elderly patients and in people predisposed to degenerative diseases.
In case of severe damage to the joint, surgical interventions, physiotherapeutic procedures and physical therapy are performed.
Bursitis
The main purpose of the joint capsule is to ensure easy sliding of the ligaments and improve the functioning of the knee joint itself. Chronic injuries and unexpected blows can wreak havoc and cause inflammation.
The presence of bursitis is indicated by the following signs: swelling, pain, limitation of motor activity, increased temperature in the knee joint.
If your knees hurt a lot, to understand what to do and how to treat this disorder you should first carry out a thorough diagnosis. Only an individual approach to the problem will allow you to draw up the correct treatment plan and select effective drugs with anti-inflammatory effect. You should also adhere to a rest regime for the knee joint.
In advanced forms of bursitis, they resort to more serious measures: surgical interventions and special injections are performed.
Dislocations
We are talking about a displacement of the kneecap from its normal position, also accompanied by greater intensity pain.
In this case, only an experienced specialist can answer the question of what to do if there is pain under the knee, after a thorough diagnosis and examination.
To identify fractures and develop the correct treatment plan, an x-ray examination is used. In advanced situations, surgery is performed.
Often a dislocation of the knee joint can cause pain. This is a fairly serious injury that occurs after a strong blow.
Degenerative disorders
One of the most common pathologies associated with degenerative tissue changes is osteoarthritis. In this case, the cartilage decreases in size, accompanied by reduced motor activity of the joint and pain. As a rule, such pathological processes are caused by age-related changes in the body that occur in people between the ages of 55 and 65.
Despite the irreversibility of degenerative changes, there are treatments that can address the discomfort and help improve quality of life. In advanced forms of the disease, the implant is installed surgically.
Autoimmune diseases
We are talking about inflammatory processes that affect the joints. They are characterized by malfunctions of the immune system, as a result of which it begins to perceive its own tissues as foreign and destroy them.
This process is accompanied by the following undesirable manifestations: swelling, pain and degenerative changes in the joints, erosive lesions of the bone tissue.
Taking into account the clinical picture, the specialist will tell you what exactly you need to do when your knee joints hurt. As a rule, the patient is advised to take the following drugs:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs;
- Steroid hormones;
- Antirheumatic drugs and biological agents;
- Analgesics and others.
Salt deposit in the joints
This is a metabolic disease associated with the deposition of uric acid salts in the body tissues. The main signs of gout are: severe swelling, limited physical activity and severe pain. To break down urate crystals, special drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
Infectious processes
Even a small scratch in the knee area can contribute to the spread of the infectious process to nearby tissues and organs, including the joint area.
In people with a weakened immune system, this represents a real danger to the body. That is, any damage to the skin can worsen the condition of such a patient.
What not to do when your knees hurt?
Regardless of why your knees hurt, below we'll tell you what not to do to avoid making the condition worse:
- Avoid knee injuries;
- Avoid foods that contribute to weight gain (fried and fatty foods, sweets, foods rich in salt, potatoes, carbonated sweet drinks, fast food);
- Avoid any excessive physical activity associated with sports;
- If your knees hurt and you don't know what to do with such discomfort, as the reviews indicate, it is better to abandon addictions (excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco smoking);
- Avoid wearing tight shoes, avoid high heels;
- Minimize the likelihood of stressful situations;
- Ensure healthy and complete sleep;
- Avoid staying in the same position for a long time.
In which cases is a visit to the doctor necessary?
Medical intervention is not necessary if the pain in the knee area was caused by minor damage to the skin, minor injury or deformation of the joint. In such situations, self-treatment is permitted.
With more serious processes, it is urgently necessary to visit a specialist. First of all, this is due to the likelihood of damage to the joint capsule, which can facilitate the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the body.
If the consequences of the injury are not eliminated promptly, the functionality of the joint may be lost. It is necessary to consult a doctor in the following situations:
- Your knees hurt and you have no information on what to do, what to do;
- Pain syndrome of increased intensity does not disappear for several days;
- There is swelling, redness and fever in the joint area;
- Increased body temperature;
- Decreased motor activity, bruising.
Experienced specialists perform a thorough diagnosis of the state of the knee joint, draw up a detailed treatment plan and select the most effective treatment even for the most advanced pathologies.
Treatment of knee pain
Often people do not know exactly what to do when their knee joints hurt and try to deal with the discomfort on their own. Unfortunately, uncontrolled use of medications and the use of special ointments can give the opposite result.
To quickly relieve pain, an integrated approach is needed. Within the framework of it, not only drugs are used, but also physiotherapeutic procedures are performed and special orthopedic devices are used. These include knee braces and braces, which help prevent the likelihood of relapse and ensure a quicker recovery period.
Use of medications
To relieve pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid hormones, vasodilators and chondroprotectors are prescribed. Specialists prescribe painkillers with extreme caution, as they do not allow them to determine the real condition of the knee joint. Next we will talk about the drugs used in more detail:
- NSAIDs.Since the elimination of the inflammatory process and pain is the main task of discomfort in the knee area, doctors mainly recommend the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For this purpose they resort to the help of special compresses and ointments. If the pain becomes severe, patients are given intramuscular injections. If your knees hurt a little, in this case, to the question: "What should I do? ", Any doctor will advise you to use an ointment. Often, when the knee joint is injured, products containing glycosaminoglycans are used. In turn, to eliminate swelling, compresses with dimethyl sulfoxide are used;
- Chondroprotectors.Regardless of whether your knees hurt after running or after a long walk, or against the background of other pathologies, only an experienced doctor can advise you on what exactly to do. However, the general recommendation for all patients to relieve pain is to take drugs with chondroitin and glucosamine. Thanks to their use it is possible to accelerate the process of restoring cartilage tissue, prevent oxidative stress and ensure the growth of healthy cartilage cells. In addition, chondroprotectors contribute to a faster rehabilitation period after injury, minimize the likelihood of serious consequences and cause almost no side effects. At the same time, experts recommend taking complexes with a high content of minerals and vitamins;
- Antispasmodics and vasodilators.They help improve tissue supply and also help restore connective tissue and eliminate swelling. In the presence of chronic pathological processes, for example, if the knee hurts for a whole year, the discomfort returns and you do not know what to do, it may be necessary to take additional antibacterial therapy and immunobiological drugs.
Physiotherapy procedures
If you are wondering what to do if your knee hurts while walking, or if the discomfort is chronic, any experienced specialist will advise you to undergo physiotherapy treatment. With the help of him, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the use of drugs, as well as ensure the delivery of drugs to the deeper subcutaneous layers.
Physiotherapeutic procedures help to improve blood flow, eliminate pain and reduce the source of inflammation, as well as normalize motor activity and ensure the removal of purulent exudate.
Even if your child's knees hurt and you are trying to figure out what to do, the following physical therapy options will be most effective:
- Impact on the body of a magnetic field;
- Laser therapy;
- Exposure to electric current in combination with drug administration;
- UHF;
- Application of galvanic electric current;
- Use of therapeutic mud;
- Therapeutic effects of ultrasound;
- Massage treatments;
- Paraffin therapy;
- Amplified pulse therapy;
- Treatment with medicinal leeches;
- Acupuncture;
- Cold treatment;
- Diadynamic therapy and other similar procedures.
The duration of a course of physiotherapy usually reaches 7-10 procedures. However, a prerequisite before carrying out therapeutic measures is consultation with a specialist.
UVT for knee pain
The UVT method is widely in demand to eliminate pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. It is based on short-term exposure to low-frequency acoustic waves on the affected joint.
The powerful analgesic effect during shock wave therapy sessions is achieved through the following processes:
- Improved blood flow;
- Development of new blood vessels;
- Improved metabolism.
It should be noted that under the influence of shock waves, a decrease in fibrotic processes in the tissues inside the knee joint is observed.
Maximum effectiveness is achieved by using the UVT method for deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in tendons. The technique is characterized by greater safety and practically no side effects.
UVT specialists will clearly determine the number of treatment sessions and their duration, and will also provide valuable advice on the implementation of other restorative procedures.
The need to perform a puncture
If there is significant swelling, specialists remove purulent contents that limit the normal functioning and supply of the joint. To drain the exudate, a puncture is performed using a syringe under the influence of anesthetics.
If during physiotherapeutic procedures and the use of drugs the desired result is not achieved, the doctor injects hyaluronic acid into the knee joint or performs a periarticular anesthetic block. When purulent inflammatory processes are detected, treatment with drugs is combined with the procedure of washing the knee joint with a medicinal solution (washing).
Surgery for pain in the knee area is performed in rare cases, most often in advanced situations.
Physical therapy for knee pain
Often, when experiencing knee pain, experts recommend performing therapeutic exercises. By regularly performing simple exercises, the patient can quickly restore the motor activity of the joint, relieve pain and provide optimal load to this part of the body. These beneficial effects are achieved by improving muscle tone. You can achieve the desired result after 8-10 sessions. It is important to exclude any sudden movements during physical therapy.
The following exercises are suitable to do at home:
- The patient assumes a "lying" position and stretches his legs forward. Subsequently, he performs alternating flexion and extension of the fingers of the lower limbs;
- While in the "lying" position, you need to straighten your legs. Next, the patient turns his feet in different directions, trying to bring them closer to the floor;
- In the "lying" position and with straight legs, the patient should try to extend the toes towards the knee joint;
- The patient assumes the "lying" position. He then places both hands under the knee, trying to slowly bend the limb. In this case the knee must be raised gently towards the chest;
- In the "lying" position you need to make movements with your legs similar to those you do when riding a bicycle.
Prevention measures
Questions like: "What to do if the nerve in your knee hurts? " or "What measures to take if your knees hurt after a long walk? " will lose their relevance if you follow simple preventive measures. These include:
- Elimination of infectious processes and conditions after knee injury should be carried out under the supervision of a professional specialist;
- It is mandatory to eliminate pathological processes of a chronic or hereditary nature (gout, diabetes, tonsillitis);
- Maintain a normal weight by eliminating excessively sweet, salty and fatty foods, as well as alcoholic beverages, from your diet;
- Engage in moderate exercise;
- Once a year take chondroprotectors and undergo a visit to a specialist;
- Follow the rules of healthy sleep;
- Drink approximately 2-3 liters of natural water per day;
- Eliminate any possibility of hypothermia;
- Wear only comfortable shoes and clothes;
- Avoid staying in the same position for a long time.